One difference noted between Holocaust, other trauma survivors, and American Indians is that for American Indians “[t]here has been no ‘safe place’ to begin again”. In other words, catastrophic group traumas such as the Holocaust, had a beginning and an end. The survivors and descendants are dealing with the repercussions. However, for many in Indian Country, historical and contemporaneous group and individual trauma continues. There has been no end wherein now healing can begin. That is an important distinction.